The Largest Ocean of The World

Find out about the largest named ocean in the world which covers half the surface of the entire world.

Approximately 71% of the Earth’s surface is covered by nothing but water i.e. ocean. It is divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas. There are five major oceanic divisions as follows:

  1. Pacific Ocean
  2. Atlantic Ocean
  3. Indian Ocean
  4. Southern Ocean
  5. Arctic Ocean

The Pacific Ocean

The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth’s oceanic divisions. According to wikipedia:

It extends from the Arctic in the north to Antarctica in the south, bounded by Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east. At 169.2 million square kilometres (65.3 million square miles) in area, this largest division of the World Ocean – and, in turn, the hydrosphere – covers about 46% of the Earth’s water surface and about 32% of its total surface area, making it larger than all of the Earth’s land area combined. The equator subdivides it into the North Pacific Ocean and South Pacific Ocean. The Mariana Trench in the western North Pacific is the deepest point in the Pacific and in the world, reaching a depth of 10,911 metres (35,798 ft)

The Pacific Ocean Largest Ocean Of The World
Fig.01: The Pacific Ocean Largest Ocean Of The World (credit: International Space Station / NASA)

The Pacific Ocean is the body of water between Asia and Australia in the west, the Americas in the east, Southern Ocean to the south, and the Arctic Ocean to the north. It joins the Atlantic Ocean at a line drawn due south from Cape Horn, Chile/Argentina to Antarctica, and joins the Indian Ocean at a line drawn due south from Tasmania, Australia to Antarctica.

Terminal or shell command to shutdown or reboot Ubuntu Linux

So how do you shutdown or reboot the Ubuntu Linux server from a terminal or a shell prompt? If GUI is working you can always click on a shutdown button. If GUI is not working or if you are working remotely over ssh type the following commands to shutdown from a terminal:
Continue reading “Terminal or shell command to shutdown or reboot Ubuntu Linux”

Understanding IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) for home and enterprise networking

Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is a network layer protocol for packet-switched internetworks. It is a next version of current IPv4. IPv6 supports 2128 addresses, approximately.

ArsTechnica has published an excellent guide:

The engineers who design the machinery deep inside the bowels of the Internet have been working on it for more than a decade, but recently, companies like Microsoft and Apple have been more aggressive about enabling it in their new products: IPv6, the protocol that will power the next generation Internet.

TCP/IP has served us well since it was born in 1981, but for some time now it has been clear that the IP part has a limitation that makes continued growth of the Internet for decades to come problematic. In order to accommodate a large number of hosts but not waste too much space in the IP packet on overhead, the TCP/IP designers settled on an address size of 32 bits. With 32 bits, it’s possible to express 4,294,967,296 different values. Over half a billion of those are unusable as addresses for various reasons, giving us a total of 3.7 billion possible addresses for hosts on the Internet. As of January 1, 2007, 2.4 billion of those were in (some kind of) use. 1.3 billion were still available and about 170 million new addresses are given out each year. So at this rate, 7.5 years from now, we’ll be clean out of IP addresses; faster if the number of addresses used per year goes up.

=> Everything you need to know about IPv6

Download 32 bit and 64 bit Windows XP / 2000 3dfx Voodoo3 drivers

Voodoo3 was a series of computer gaming video cards manufactured and designed by 3dfx Interactive. 3dfx Interactive was a company which specialized in the manufacturing of cutting-edge 3D graphics processing units and, later, graphics cards.

After bankruptcy, its intellectual assets (and many employees) were acquired by its rival, NVIDIA Corporation.

Download 32 bit and 64 bit Windows XP / 2000 3dfx Voodoo3 drivers
3DFX DIED IN the fourth quarter of 2000 and Windows XP came to life a year after.

But seven years after, drivers for 3dfx cards still appear. First of all, it is nearly incredible that enthusiast community managed to support an operating system which was still in the works. Secondly – it is incredible that drivers that support both 32- and 64-bit Windows have just came out.

This is ninth SFFT driver release based on the new Unified Architecture supporting by one package all Voodoo3 family, including Voodoo3 2000, Voodoo3 3000 and Voodoo3 3500 cards, as well as all 3dfx VSA-100 products and so Voodoo4 4500, Voodoo5 5500 and Voodoo5 6000 cards. It is designed and developed to work with both Windows 2000/XP (32 bit) and Windows XP Professional x64 Edition (64 bit) Microsoft Operative Systems.

Download link

Understanding Apple’s iTunes Store DRM – Digital Rights Management

DRM (Digital Rights Management) is a technology (or several technologies) to give content providers control over redistribution and access to material.

Apple’s iTunes Store, as well as many e-books vendors, have adopted DRM schemes in recent times.

This article provides some details about Apple DRM:

Understanding how Apple’s FairPlay DRM works helps to answer a lot of questions: why it hasn’t been replaced with an open, interoperable DRM that anyone can use, why Apple isn’t broadly licensing FairPlay, and why the company hasn’t jumped to add DRM-free content from indie artists to iTunes.

Read more: How FairPlay Works: Apple’s iTunes DRM Dilemma

Howto publish and convert documents online with Scribd

This is cool new service that allows anyone to upload and publish document online just like Youtube videos.

You can covert document between many different formats, including Word, PDF, plain text, HTML, JPEG, PowerPoint, Excel, Postscript, LIT, and even audio format. You don’t have to sign up to download or upload files.

Howto publish and convert documents online with Scribd
(click to enlarge)

Scribd lets you publish and discover documents online. It is like a big online library where anyone can upload. We make use of a custom Flash document viewer that lets you display documents right in your Web browser. There are all sorts of other features that make it easy and fun to publish, convert, embed, analyze, and read documents.

Part of the idea behind Scribd is that everyone has a lot of documents sitting around on their computers that only they can read. With Scribd we hope to unlock this information by putting it on the web.

Visit Scribd website

MP3 – MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 history : How MP3 Was Born

Most of us use mp3 file almost everyday. MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3, more commonly referred to as MP3 file. It is nothing but audio files to play on computer and other devices. It is compression format so that large audio file such as .wav stored in small size w/o losing quality.

So how MP3 was born:

Karlheinz Brandenburg often is cited as the inventor of the music format. But he credits many for a discovery that has upended the music business. Karlheinz Brandenburg doesn’t like being labeled the “inventor” of MP3. He points out that the most popular format for digital music on the Internet is the work of at least a half-dozen core developers and many others who made important contributions. Even folk-rock singer Suzanne Vega inadvertently played a walk-on role in the creation of MP3. “I know on whose shoulders I stand and who else contributed a lot,” says Brandenburg, now director of the Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Media Technology in Ilmenau, Germany.

=> Read more : How MP3 Was Born

PS: Wikipedia has more information about MP3 history

Microsoft Windows Vista Crack by Paradox

There is news everywhere about Windows Vista Crack called “BIOS Emulation Toolkit For Windows Vista x86”. It claims that it bypass the product activation requirement of Microsoft Windows Vista.

Here is how it works:

Microsoft allows large hardware manufacturers (e.g. ASUS, HP, Dell) to ship their products containing a Windows Vista installation that does NOT require any kind of product activation as this might be considered an unnecessary inconvenience for the end-user. Instead these so-called ‘Royalty OEMs’ are granted the right to embed certain license information into their hardware products, which can be validated by Windows Vista to make obtaining further activation information (online or by phone) obsolete.
This mechanism is commonly referred to as ‘SLP 2.0’ (‘system-locked pre-installation 2.0’) and consists of the following three key elements:

Download info

Your WordPress blog may get hacked if you are using 2.1.1 version

I’ve updated my blog few days back. But in case if you are still running 2.1.1 makes sure you get updated version.

This morning we received a note to our security mailing address about unusual and highly exploitable code in WordPress. The issue was investigated, and it appeared that the 2.1.1 download had been modified from its original code. We took the website down immediately to investigate what happened.

It was determined that a cracker had gained user-level access to one of the servers that powers wordpress.org, and had used that access to modify the download file. We have locked down that server for further forensics, but at this time it appears that the 2.1.1 download was the only thing touched by the attack. They modified two files in WP to include code that would allow for remote PHP execution.

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